As we have seen, the two major obstacles to the Nebular Hypothesis, cloud rotation and cloud collapse, are clearly hindering that hypothesis or theory from being viable. This has not stopped the idea that “we are the product of star dust” from being placed in most public education science textbooks as if it is fact. Sadly, this only diminishes any faith in God as creator of the universe in the minds of these students. If that “dusty path” is traced back in time we arrive at the ultimate origin of origins for all existence, the Big Bang. If we then turn around and travel forward in time from that point, the secular cosmologist posits that the large scale structures in our universe resulted from quantum fluctuations in the space-time continuum near the beginning of the inflation phase which was multiplied at the end by many orders of magnitude. The evidence most often cited is the CMBR (Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation) which shows miniscule variations (1 part in 100,000) about the value 2.73 degrees Kelvin (ref. 1 pp474-476). This radiation is assumed to have begun 380,000 years after the Big Bang. In order to complete the path back to the nebular theory for stellar and planetary system formation, another secular cosmological process called stellar recycling must be invoked. This process describes multiple cycles of exploding supernovas ejecting material (i.e. star dust) throughout the universe which, after eons of time, clump back together under the force of gravity starting the nebular condensation phase again (ref. 1 pp384-385). Our sun is generally considered to be a third generation member of that process. This conclusion is based on the currently accepted age of the solar system (approx. 5 billion years) as compared to the generally recognized age of the universe (nearly 14 billion years).

We should not be dismayed by the arguments made above by the secular scientists because we have been warned by God what to expect. This author believes that many of the verses in both the Old and New Testaments that connect with christians on the spiritual plane also have a direct and literal connection with God’s physical creation so that the spiritual and the physical mesh in perfect unity. We know first of all, according to Romans 1:25 (KJV) “who…served the creature more than the creator…” that for the secular scientist natural processes requiring no intervention by God must trump all other ideas. With respect to the above theory stellar recycling, we have an even more explicit warning in Hebrews 11:3 (KJV) “Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the Word of God, so that things which are seen were not made of things which do appear.” The relevance of the latter part of that verse to creation is made readily apparent when it is put into historical context. While the written origin of that verse is nearly 2000 years old, the honorable theologians who translated it into an english exegesis in the early 17th century were special witnesses to the omnipotent power of God. At the time their translation work was just beginning, most of them had witnessed not one but two supernovas in their skies, one in 1572 and another in 1604.

Kepler’s Supernova remnant, 1604

Credit: NASA,ESA, R, Sankrit and W. Blair(JHU)

This is extraordinary since historically and observationally, they usually only occur once every 300 years in any given galaxy. Those men or the scientists of that time could have not explained what they were seeing, claiming it was a “new star”. The telescope was not invented until 1609 and it was a very crude instrument at that time. Most likely the Lord was placing a warning in His Word for our consumption not to believe the modern stellar recycling theory in conjunction with the Nebular Theory even though it was nearly 400 years ahead of its time. It is almost as if God placed double exclamation points at the end of Hebrews 11:3.

With respect to the angular momentum issue mentioned earlier, it appears that the distribution of that momentum in our solar system is somewhat unique. Of the nine traditional planets (Mercury to Pluto), the outer five of those nine lie outside of the so-called “habitable zone” where temperatures are considered to be temperate enough for life to exist. Those outer five comprise 99.85% of the angular momentum of all the planets combined suggesting that nearly all of the angular momentum lies at a considerable distance from the central body, our sun. A recent survey (ref. 10 p12) of 1300 confirmed exoplanets (planets orbiting other stars) shows that nearly all have orbital periods less than 100 days (compared to earth’s 365). Of those 1300, only 54 are believed to reside in the “habitable zone” of their host star. Based on the relatively short orbital periods, it is likely the great majority of this sample lies inside that zone where temperatures are too hot for life to exist. This in turn indicates that since these planets are much closer to their host stars, the angular momentum is much more concentrated toward the center of those star systems. Our solar system’s uniqueness could well be the result of being within the near earth environment at the time of creation with forces at play not presently understood underscoring the inconsistencies in current secular theories.